European and global cooperation in research and innovation requires multi-stakeholder partnerships to address global challenges such as climate change, health threats, and loss of biodiversity. The EU, with experience in R&D partnerships, should adopt a more strategic, inclusive, and sustainable approach, prioritizing strategic alignments, multi-stakeholder representation, mixed funding, local ownership, and crisis response. Challenges are identified as administrative complexity, fragmentation of funds, and lack of representation of middle- and low-income countries.