Globalization
The New Saudi-Pakistan Defense Pact: Signals and Substance
The new Strategic Mutual Defense Pact between Saudi Arabia and Pakistan formalizes decades of security and defense cooperation, involving a commitment to mutual defense and possible provision of nuclear deterrence. Saudi Arabia seeks to diversify its defensive alliances amid concerns over Israel and Iran, while Pakistan seeks alternatives to its dependence on China. Greater cooperation in conventional defense and possible collaboration in the defense industry is expected.
September 24, 2025