Las sanciones son cruciales en el conflicto Rusia-Ucrania. Expertos de Brookings analizan su impacto en ingresos y reclutamiento, y la importancia de su aplicación. Algunos creen que pueden cambiar el curso del conflicto, pero otros advierten que no son definitivas. Ejemplos como las medidas contra Rusia en el mercado petrolero muestran tanto su poder como sus límites.
The World Energy Outlook report by the International Energy Agency prioritizes energy security over climate change due to global tensions over resources such as Russian gas. However, the need to invest in renewable and nuclear energy for the energy transition and system security is recognized.
China issued new export controls on batteries in October 2025, highlighting the need for energy sovereignty in Europe. The EU must consider non-technical risks in vehicle cybersecurity. Germany and the EU recognize the importance of security in the automotive industry. The current regulation does not consider the manufacturer’s origin, raising the need to address geopolitical risks.
The EU faces economic challenges due to geopolitical tensions and protectionism, affecting growth and investment. An analysis of global and EU capital flows up to mid-2024 shows concern over foreign direct investment and financial integration, threatened by the decline of intra-EU FDI.
