Globalization
The Impact of Sanctions on Russia: An Update on Efficacy
In June 2025, a document was published urging Europe to increase sanctions against Russia’s ghost fleet, especially due to U.S. uncertainty. Since then, the EU and the UK have applied new sanctions, with the U.S. being less active. U.S. sanctions are more effective in discouraging ghost fleet activity. Coordination between the U.S., EU, and UK is crucial to reduce Russian oil revenues.
August 21, 2025