The competition between LFP and NMC batteries in China focuses on innovation for energy transition. Chinese manufacturers like CATL and BYD lead the adoption of LFP batteries, while NMC faces challenges in cost and sustainability.
In 2025, Brazil, led by Lula, faces challenges in the BRICS and pressure from the U.S. over tariffs. Deforestation and environmental diplomacy strain its international commitment. The COP30 in Belém will be crucial for its global image.
Donald Trump, the president, promises to reindustrialize the U.S. with tariffs, low taxes, and fewer regulations. Joe Biden and Barack Obama also worked on this. Brookings measures the results in terms of jobs, production, and deficits, although technology may limit employment growth.
The Chinese economy grew by 5.2% in the second quarter of 2025. Despite signs of weakness, the government remains cautious with stimulus measures to meet its annual target. Industrial stagnation is offset by sectors such as services and agriculture. Rising risks and spending control measures suggest caution. The real estate crisis and international commercial uncertainty affect the economic outlook.
The White House publishes a list of tariffs for 92 countries, with increases ranging from 10% to 41%, seeking to compensate for fiscal cuts. The EU will apply a 15% tariff on European products, while Brazil and Canada face increases. There are no changes in tariffs to China. The markets react negatively, increasing economic uncertainty.
