Since 2022, national cohesion in Europe has been crucial in facing the Russian threat and supporting Ukraine, and fiscal pressure and defence spending increases make it difficult to meet social expectations. External actors such as Russia and the United States undermine this cohesion. Strong leadership and comprehensive responses from political elites and civil society, along with good governance and strong institutions, are needed to counter these influences.
The increase of a ghost fleet of LNG, backed by China, aims to counter the US dominance in the energy markets, marking a transition towards a multipolar economic order. The appearance of Russian and Chinese methaner carriers for transporting sanctioned LNG indicates a shift in the international energy market. This phenomenon poses environmental and security risks, as well as challenges for maritime regulation.
Competition law analyzes the global digital economy, identifying power risks and promoting innovation. Large digital platforms dominate through economies of scale, network effects and reach, influencing global innovation and technological standards. Cloud computing is crucial for EU competitiveness, but faces obstacles like vendor lock-in. Regulation, such as the Digital Markets Act, aims to promote.
The European Union needs a balanced strategy to reduce its dependence on the United States and China, improving its ability to counter coercive economic threats. The EU must identify critical points in supply chains, discuss the use of the Anti-Coercion Instrument, and strengthen economic associations and governance structures to manage economic security tools. Emphasis is placed on adapting to new scenarios.
