Population ageing in the EU generates fiscal pressure, lower growth and increased pension costs. Employment-focused migration is crucial to counteract these effects. The EU must rely on high levels of net migration to mitigate the economic effects of ageing.
Europe is experiencing a green technological rebirth, seeking opportunities and avoiding dependence on China. China, with its ambition to become an electric powerhouse, serves as an example and warning for the EU. The EU has solid capabilities in clean technologies and potential to lead in clean energy in the short term.
The European Union faces challenges in sustainable finance and climate security, leading in the sector but facing global obstacles. It reviews its framework to simplify rules and increase competitiveness. The industry is affected by the desertion of decarbonization targets and climate alliances. Insurers must cover risks of extreme climate events, with possible solutions at the European Union level. The Bruegel conference in Madrid discussed these topics.
Concepción Escobar Hernández (1959-2025) stood out in International Law and at the Royal Elcano Institute. Recognized for her excellence in research, teaching, and international legal advisory work in organizations such as the UN, the Council of Europe, and the European Union. Her commitment to global justice and human rights influenced international doctrine and legal diplomacy, contributing to International Humanitarian Law. Her legacy will endure through her publications and her formative work in the academic and diplomatic sphere.
Europe must respond firmly and unitedly to Putin’s provocations, which have intensified drone attacks and sabotage. NATO and the EU need to improve common defense, support Ukraine, and strengthen their military capabilities. It is proposed to finance with public funds and confiscated Russian funds, and to involve private resources to deter Putin and seek negotiations.
